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1.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 17(3): eAO4521, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011989

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize severe potential drug interactions in maternal intensive care, and to determine their frequency, risk factors and potential risk medications. Methods: An observational and longitudinal study conducted between December 2014 and December 2015 in a maternal intensive care unit. Clinical data were collected and severe potential drug interactions were identified on pregnant inpatients. The drug interactions were classified by type, prevalence and exposure rate. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the severe potential drug interactions and the related drugs (p<0.05). Results: A total of 95.1% of patients were exposed to, at least, one potential drug interaction; in that, 91.7% 33.9% were related to, respectively, moderate and severe potential drug interactions. The patients were exposed, on average, on 69.2% of days they were in the intensive care unit. The main drugs involved in more severe drug interactions were magnesium sulfate, metoclopramide, propranolol and diazepam. Conclusion: The severe potential drug interactions were observed in almost all patients of the study, and, approximately one third of those interactions were related to greater severity and resulted in exposure during long hospital stay. The higher number of prescribed drugs and its previous use of medications at home increase the occurrence of severe potential drug interactions.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar as interações medicamentosas potenciais graves em terapia intensiva materna, e determinar sua frequência, os fatores e os medicamentos de risco associados à ocorrência dessas interações. Métodos: Estudo observacional e longitudinal executado entre dezembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015, conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva materna. Foram coletados dados clínicos e identificadas interações medicamentosas potenciais graves de gestantes admitidas. As interações medicamentosas foram caracterizadas quanto ao tipo, à prevalência e à taxa de exposição. Um modelo multivariado de regressão logística foi utilizado para identificação de fatores associados à ocorrência de interações medicamentosas potenciais graves e os medicamentos implicados (p<0,05). Resultados: Um total de 95,1% das pacientes foi exposto a, no mínimo, uma interação medicamentosa potencial, com 91,7% delas envolvidas com interações medicamentosas potenciais moderadas e 33,9% com as interações graves. As pacientes ficaram expostas, em média, em 69,2% dos dias que estiveram sob terapia intensiva. Os principais medicamentos implicados em interações medicamentosas de maior gravidade foram sulfato de magnésio, metoclopramida, propranolol e diazepam. Conclusão: As interações medicamentosas potenciais graves ocorreram na maioria das pacientes avaliadas. Aproximadamente um terço das interações foram graves e levaram à maior exposição por um longo período de internação. Maior número de fármacos prescritos e uso prévio domiciliar de medicamentos elevam a ocorrência de interações medicamentosas potenciais graves.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Risk Assessment/methods , Drug Interactions , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Propranolol/pharmacology , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Pregnancy/drug effects , Logistic Models , Serial Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , Diazepam/pharmacology , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Magnesium Sulfate/pharmacology
2.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(2): 86-89, Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843915

ABSTRACT

Abstract Case report of a 39-year-old intended mother of a surrogate pregnancy who underwent induction of lactation by sequential exposure to galactagogue drugs (metoclopramide and domperidone), nipple mechanical stimulation with an electric pump, and suction by the newborn. The study aimed to analyze the effect of each step of the protocol on serum prolactin levels, milk secretion and mother satisfaction, in the set of surrogacy. Serum prolactin levels and milk production had no significant changes. Nevertheless, themother was able to breastfeed for four weeks, and expressed great satisfaction with the experience. As a conclusion, within the context of a surrogate pregnancy, breastfeeding seems to bring emotional benefits not necessarily related to an increase in milk production.


Resumo Relato de caso de mãe por útero de substituição, de 39 anos de idade, submetida a indução da lactação por exposição sequencial a drogas galactogogas (metoclopramida e domperidona), estimulação mamilar mecânica com bomba elétrica, e sucção pelo recém-nascido. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de cada etapa do protocolo na concentração sérica de prolactina, no volume de secreção láctea e na satisfação materna. A concentração sérica de prolactina e a produção láctea não apresentaram mudanças significativas. Entretanto, a mãe foi capaz de amamentar a criança por quatro semanas, e manifestou grande satisfação com a experiência. Como conclusão, no contexto de maternidade por útero de substituição, o aleitamento materno parece promover benefícios emocionais, não necessariamente relacionados ao aumento do volume de leite.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Breast Feeding , Domperidone/pharmacology , Lactation/drug effects , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Prolactin/blood , Prolactin/drug effects , Personal Satisfaction , Surrogate Mothers
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(11): 762-769, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767600

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE : To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on metalloproteinases (MMP) and interleukins (IL) gene expression in colonic anastomoses in rats. METHODS : Eighty rats were divided into two groups for euthanasia on the 3rd or 7th postoperative day (POD), then into two subgroups for sepsis induction or not, and then into subgroups to receive either metoclopramide or saline solution. Left colonic anastomosis were performed and then analyzed. RESULTS : On the 3rd POD, metoclopramide was associated with increased expression of MMP-1a, MMP-13, and TNF-α. On the 7th POD, the transcripts of all MMPs, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 of the treated animals became negatively modulated. In the presence of sepsis, metoclopramide did not change MMPs and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-10 gene expression on the 3rd POD. On the 7th POD, increased expression of all MMPs, IFN-γ and IL-10 and negative modulated TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. CONCLUSION : Administration of metoclopramide increased metalloproteinases and interleukins gene expression on the 3rd postoperative day and negatively modulated them on the 7th POD. In the presence of abdominal sepsis, metoclopramide did not change MMPs and decreased ILs gene expression on the 3rd POD. On the 7th POD, the drug increased expression of all MMPs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Colon/surgery , Gene Expression/drug effects , Interleukins/metabolism , Metalloproteases/drug effects , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Anastomosis, Surgical , Disease Models, Animal , Intraabdominal Infections/etiology , Metalloproteases/metabolism , Postoperative Period , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sepsis/etiology , Wound Healing/drug effects
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(10): 911-916, 10/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722166

ABSTRACT

Anastomotic dehiscence is the most severe complication of colorectal surgery. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and interleukins (ILs) can be used to analyze the healing process of anastomosis. To evaluate the effects of bromopride on MMP and cytokine gene expression in left colonic anastomoses in rats with or without induced abdominal sepsis, 80 rats were divided into two groups for euthanasia on the third or seventh postoperative day (POD). They were then divided into subgroups of 20 rats for sepsis induction or not, and then into subgroups of 10 rats for administration of bromopride or saline. Left colonic anastomosis was performed and abdominal sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. A colonic segment containing the anastomosis was removed for analysis of gene expression of MMP-1α, MMP-8, MMP-13, IL-β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). On the third POD, bromopride was associated with increased MMP-1α, MMP-13, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 gene expression. On the seventh POD, all MMP transcripts became negatively modulated and all IL transcripts became positively modulated. In the presence of sepsis, bromopride administration increased MMP-8 and IFN-γ gene expression and decreased MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 gene expression on the third POD. On the seventh POD, we observed increased expression of MMP-13 and all cytokines, except for TNF-α. In conclusion, bromopride interferes with MMP and IL gene expression during anastomotic healing. Further studies are needed to correlate these changes with the healing process.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Colon, Descending/surgery , Gene Expression/drug effects , Interleukins/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Anastomosis, Surgical , Cecum/surgery , Interferon-gamma/analysis , Interleukin-1beta/analysis , /analysis , /analysis , Interleukins/genetics , Ligation , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/analysis , /analysis , /analysis , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Punctures , Rats, Wistar , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sepsis/etiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis , Wound Healing/drug effects
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(7): 448-453, jul. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640091

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of prokinetic agents on abdominal wall wound healing in rats submitted to segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly allocated into three groups according to the agents they would receive in the postoperative period: M (metoclopramide); B (bromopride); and C (control, saline 0.9%). Surgical procedures were performed identically in all animals, and consisted of a midline laparotomy followed by resection of a 1-cm segment of large bowel with end-to-end anastomosis. The abdominal wall was closed in two layers with running stitches. Abdominal wall samples were collected on the 3rd or 7th postoperative day for measurement of breaking (tensile) strength and histopathological assessment. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in tensile strength of the abdominal wall scar between groups M, B, and C, nor between the three and seven days after surgery subgroups. On histopathological assessment, there were no statistically significant between-group differences in collagen deposition or number of fibroblasts at the wound site CONCLUSION: Use of the prokinetic drugs metoclopramide or bromopride had no effect on abdominal wall healing in rats submitted to segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do uso de drogas prócinéticas na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos submetidos à colectomia segmentar e anastomose no cólon esquerdo. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 60 ratos, alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos para receberem as seguintes medicações no período pós-operatório: M (metoclopramida); B (bromoprida) e C (solução salina a 0,9%). Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram idênticos em todos os animais. Foi realizada laparotomia mediana, seguida de colectomia segmentar de 1-cm e anastomose colônica. O fechamento da parede abdominal foi feito em dois planos de sutura contínua. No 3° ou no 7° dia pós-operatório foram coletadas amostras da parede abdominal para medida da força de ruptura e avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no que diz respeito à força de ruptura da parede abdominal, nem entre os subgrupos no 3º e 7º dia após a cirurgia. À análise histopatológica não houve alterações na deposição de colágeno ou na quantidade de fibroblastos no sítio da cicatriz. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de drogas prócinéticas, metoclopramida ou de bromoprida, não interferiu na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos submetidos à colectomia segmentar e anastomose no cólon esquerdo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Abdominal Wall , Colectomy , Colon/surgery , Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anastomosis, Surgical , Abdominal Wall/surgery , Cicatrix/physiopathology , Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Tensile Strength , Treatment Outcome , Wound Healing/physiology
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(6): 370-375, June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626254

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the healing of left colonic anastomoses in rats with induced abdominal sepsis. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into two groups to receive either bromopride (experimental group- E) or saline (control group- C). Each group was divided into subgroups of ten animals each to be euthanized on third (E3 and C3) or seventh day (E7 and C7) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The rats underwent segmental left colon resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Adhesion formation, tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration were assessed. Histomorphometry of collagen and histopathological analysis were also performed. RESULTS: On postoperative third day, anastomoses in bromopride-treated animals showed lower tensile strength (p=0.02) and greater reduction in hydroxyproline concentration (p=0.04) than in control animals. There was no statistical difference in these parameters on seventh day, and the remaining parameters were similar across subgroups. Collagen content was also similar across subgroups. CONCLUSION: In the presence of abdominal sepsis, the administration of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration in left colonic anastomoses in rats three days after surgery.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a cicatrização de anastomoses de cólon esquerdo de ratos na presença de sepse abdominal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos distribuídos em grupos contendo 20 animais para administração de bromoprida ou salina. Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo dez animais, para eutanásia no terceiro ou no sétimo dia de pós-operatório. A indução da sepse foi realizada pelo método de ligadura e punção do ceco. Foi realizada ressecção de um segmento do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. À re-laparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderências e removido um segmento colônico contendo a anastomose para análise histopatológica, força de ruptura, concentração de hidroxiprolina e histomorfometria do colágeno. RESULTADOS: No 3° DPO, as anastomoses dos animais tratados com bromoprida apresentaram menor força de ruptura (p=0,02) e maior redução da concentração de hidroxiprolina (p=0,04) que os animais controle. Não houve diferença estatística quanto a estes parâmetros no 7° DPO. O conteúdo de colágeno foi semelhante entre os subgrupos. CONCLUSÃO: Na presença de sepse abdominal, o uso da bromoprida esteve associado à diminuição da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses do cólon esquerdo de ratos no 3° DPO.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Colon/surgery , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Sepsis/physiopathology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anastomosis, Surgical , Collagen/analysis , Colon/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Hydroxyproline/analysis , Ligation , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Postoperative Period , Punctures , Rats, Wistar , Sepsis/etiology , Tensile Strength
7.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 38(6): 429-434, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611535

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a formação de aderências e a cicatrização de anastomoses de cólon esquerdo de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 40 ratos, divididos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo de estudo- E) ou solução fisiológica (grupo controle- C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais cada, para eutanásia no terceiro (E3 e C3) ou no sétimo dia (E7 e C7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. No dia da relaparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderências e removido um segmento colônico contendo a anastomose para análise histopatológica, da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à evolução clínica. Dois animais do grupo de estudo apresentaram deiscência de anastomose bloqueada. Os animais que receberam bromoprida apresentaram número de aderências intracavitárias e aderências à anastomose semelhantes ao grupo controle. As anastomoses dos animais do grupo E3 apresentaram menor resistência de ruptura do que as do grupo C3 (p=0,04). Este efeito não ocorreu no sétimo dia de pós-operatório (p=0,37). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à histopatologia ou concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da bromoprida está associado à diminuição da resistência tênsil de anastomoses do cólon esquerdo de ratos no terceiro dia de pós-operatório.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the formation of adhesions and anastomotic healing in the left colon of rats. METHODS: We divided 40 rats into two groups of 20 animals, administration of bromopride (study group-E) or saline (control group-C). Each group was divided into subgroups containing 10 animals each for euthanasia in the third (C3 and E3) or the seventh (E7 and C7) postoperative days. The rats were submitted to section of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis. On the day of reoperation, we evaluated the total amount of adhesions and removed a colonic segment containing the anastomosis for histopathological analysis, assessment of rupture strength and hydroxyproline concentration. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups in relation to clinical outcome. Two animals in the study group had blocked anastomotic leakage. The animals that received bromopride had the number of intracavitary adhesions and adhesions to the anastomosis similar to the control group. The anastomoses from the group E3 animals showed lower resistance to rupture the one from the C3 group (p = 0.04). This effect did not occur on the seventh postoperative day (p = 0.37). There was no significant difference between groups in relation to histopathology and hydroxyproline concentration in the anastomoses. CONCLUSION: The use of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength of left colon anastomosis in rats in the third postoperative day.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Colon/drug effects , Colon/surgery , Colonic Diseases/prevention & control , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anastomosis, Surgical , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/therapeutic use , Rats, Wistar , Tissue Adhesions/prevention & control
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 433-437, Nov.-Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604190

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of bromopride on abdominal wall healing of rats with induced peritoneal sepsis after segmental colectomy and colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Forty rats underwent sectioning of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis and were divided into two groups of 20 animals for the administration of bromopride (bromopride group - B) or saline solution (control group - C). Each group was divided into subgroups of 10 animals each to be killed on the third (GB3 and GC3) or seventh postoperative day (GB7 and GC7). It was analyzed the following characteristics: breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound; surgical and histopathological features of the abdominal wall; and clinical features of the rats. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in relation to the weight of the rats and the breaking strength of the abdominal wall's wound. The GB7 group presented less edema and less quantity of fibrin during histopathological evaluation compared to the GC7 group. CONCLUSION: Bromopride did not have harmful effects on the healing of abdominal wall in rats.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da bromoprida, na cicatrização da ferida operatória da parede abdominal de ratos com sepse peritoneal experimentalmente induzida e submetidos a ressecção segmentar e anastomose de cólon esquerdo. MÉTODOS: 40 ratos distribuídos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo bromoprida- B) ou solução de NaCl 0,9 por cento (grupo controle - C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais, para eutanásia no terceiro (GB3 e GC3) ou sétimo dia (GB7 e GE7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. No dia da eutanásia foram avaliadas as características cirúrgicas da cavidade abdominal e clínicas dos ratos. Foram coletados segmentos da parede para a avaliação histopatológica e de resistência tênsil da ferida operatória. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os pesos dos ratos e resistência tênsil da ferida operatória nos dois grupos. Em relação a análise histopatológica, o grupo GB7 apresentou menos edema e menos fibrina que o grupo GC7. Não houve outras diferenças. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de bromoprida não resultou em distúrbios ou retardo da cicatrização no grupo de ratos submetidos à laparotomia e anastomose término-terminal em condições de sepse peritoneal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Abdominal Wall/surgery , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Peritonitis/complications , Sepsis/complications , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Colectomy , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Peritonitis/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Sepsis/physiopathology
9.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(2, Supl.1): S27-S30, mayo-ago. 2011. mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645147

ABSTRACT

Muchos de los síntomas digestivos en niños, no están asociados a cambios patológicos, osea, en los trastornos funcionales no hay alteración en la mucosa, como tampoco en la endoscopia. Estas alteraciones son muy amplias, no solamente incluye el reflujo gastroesofágico. Los procinéticos aumentan la actividad colinérgica. La metoclopramida, es un antagonista dopaminérgico que aumenta el tono del esfínter esofágico inferior y mejora el vaciamiento gástrico. La domperidona, es un antagonista periférico de la dopamina con propiedades procinéticas y antieméticas. La trimetutina, es un regulador de la motilidad del tracto digestivo inferior.


Many of the gastrointestinal symptoms in children are not associated with pathological changes, that is, in functional disorders there is no alteration in the mucosa, nor in endoscopy. These changes are extensive, not only includes gastroesophageal reflux. Prokinetics increase cholinergic activity. Metoclopramide is a dopaminergic antagonist that increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and enhances gastric emptying. Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic properties. Trimetubine, is a regulator of the lower digestive tract motility.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Domperidone/pharmacology , Domperidone , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Metoclopramide , Dyspepsia/classification , Dyspepsia/diagnosis , Dyspepsia/pathology
10.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(supl.2): 92-99, 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602651

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on abdominal wall healing in rats in the presence of sepsis. METHODS: 40 rats divided into two groups of twenty animals, subdivided into two subgroups of 10 animals each: group (E) - treated with metoclopramide, and saline-treated control group. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 10 to be killed on the 3rd day (n = 10) or day 7 (n = 10) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. We performed also the section and anastomosis in left colon. The synthesis of the abdominal wall was made with 3-0 silk thread. We measured the breaking strength of the abdominal wall and made the histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: on 3rd day postoperative, the average breaking strength in the E group was 0.83 ± 0.66 and in group C was 0.35 ± 0.46 (p = 0.010). On the seventh day, the breaking strength in group E was11.44 ± 5.07, in group C 11.66 ± 7.38 (p = 1.000). The E7 group showed lower inflammatory infiltration, foreign body reaction, fibrin than control. CONCLUSION: animals treated with metoclopramide had a higher resistance of the abdominal wall on the 3rd postoperative day.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da metoclopramide na cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos na vigência de sepse. METHODS: 40 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 20 animais, subdivididos em dois subgrupos de 10 animais cada: grupo (E) - tratado com metoclopramida, e o grupo controle tratado com solução fisiologica. Os dois grupos foram divididos em subgrupos de de 10 para serem mortos no dia 3 (n = 10) ou o dia 7 (n = 10) após a cirurgia. A sepse foi induzida por ligadura e perfuração cecal. Foi realizada também a secção e anastomose em cólon esquerdo. A síntese da parede abdominal foi feita com fio de seda 3-0. Mediu-se a força de ruptura da parede abdominal e foi feita uma avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: No dia 3 pós-operatório, a força média de ruptura no grupo E foi de 0,83 ± 0,66 e no grupo C foi de 0,35 ± 0,46 (p = 0,010). No sétimo dia, a força de ruptura no grupo E foi 11.44 ± 5,07; no grupo C, 11,66 ± 7,38 (p = 1,000). O grupo E7 apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória e reação de corpo estranho do que o controle de fibrina. CONCLUSÃO: Animais tratados com metoclopramida apresentaram uma maior resistência da parede abdominal no 3º dia pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Abdominal Wall/surgery , Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Sepsis/physiopathology , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/physiopathology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anastomosis, Surgical , Colon/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Postoperative Period , Rats, Wistar , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/prevention & control , Time Factors , Tensile Strength/drug effects , Tensile Strength/physiology , Wound Healing/physiology
11.
Diagn. tratamento ; 15(1)jan.-mar. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550913

ABSTRACT

A metoclopramida, se usada no primeiro trimestre da gesðtação, não está associada a aumento do risco de baixo peso em recém-nascidos, parto pré-termo, malformações ou morte peðrinatal. Nível de evidência: 2b = estudo comparativo de baixa quaðlidade metodológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Morning Sickness/therapy , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Trimester, First/physiology , Pregnant Women
12.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2009; 30 (6): 778-782
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-92744

ABSTRACT

To compare the administration of sub hypnotic dose of propofol with metoclopramide and placebo in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after middle ear surgery. This clinical research was performed in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2004 and October 2005. Following approval by the hospital ethics committee, 60 adult patients scheduled for a middle ear operation were randomly assigned into 3 groups. The patients in group P received 0.5 mg.kg-1 propofol; in group M, 0.2 mg.kg-1 metoclopramide, and in group C, 0.9% saline solution. The number of patients suffering from nausea and vomiting at 0-4, 4-12, and 12-24 hours postoperatively, and additional use of antiemetics was recorded. Comparisons of the data showed that at 0-4th hours, the incidence of vomiting was 25% in group P, 40% in group M, and 75% in group C. The incidence rate of group P was significantly lower than that of group C [p=0.002], and the rate of antiemetics use in group C was higher than that in group P [p=0.028]. The Nausea Vomiting Scale scores of group C were also significantly higher than those of group P [p=0.005]. There were no significant differences between the values at 4-12 and 12-24 hours. The administration of a sub hypnotic dose of propofol at the end of surgery was found to be at least as effective as metoclopramide in preventing PONV in the early postoperative period in adult patients undergoing middle ear surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Ear, Middle/surgery , Double-Blind Method
13.
Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care. 2009; 13 (2): 61-64
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-134432

ABSTRACT

Prokinetic agents and H-2 receptor antagonists are commonly used to decrease the volume and increase the pH of the gastric fluid. This study was conducted to compare the effect of oral erythromycin-ranitidine combination and metoclopramide-ranitidine combination in reducing gastric fluid volume and acidity in patients undergoing elective surgery. 80 patients were divided into two groups by convenient sampling technique after meeting inclusion criteria; Group A was given oral erythromycin 250 mg-ranitidine 150 mg while group B was given oral metoclopramide 10 mg-ranitidine 150 mg two hours before surgery. Gastric fluid was aspirated with orogastric tube after induction. Volume and pH of the gastric fluid were determined. Data analysis of our study showed statistically significant reduction in mean gastric fluid aspirate volume in group A [3.4ml+2.3 vs. 7.2m1+3.1]. [P-value = 0.001 and T-value = 6.24]. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as far as increase in gastric pH was concerned [6.5+1.6 vs. 6.2+1.3]. [T-value = 0.925 / Two tailed P-value = 0.36]. In both the groups' gastric pH was increased from the average normal value [0.3-2.9]. Combination of erythromycin-ranitidine is more effective than metoclopramide-ranitidine in reducing the gastric aspirate fluid volume and thus in prevention of acid aspiration syndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Ranitidine/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Gastric Acidity Determination , Elective Surgical Procedures
14.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 18(4,supl.1): S146-S153, nov. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557673

ABSTRACT

Galactagogos são substâncias que auxiliam o início e a manutenção da produção adequada de leite, porém, alguns autores têm adotado o termo galactagogo. Nesta revisão foram selecionados artigos nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMEd, Medline, Lilacs e SciELO nos últimos 10 anos, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, utilizando os descritores aleitamento materno, lactação, transtornos da lactação, uso de medicamentos. Os fármacos galactagogos utilizados atualmente são antagonistas dopaminérgicos, que aumentam a prolactina sérica. Os mais conhecidos são metoclopramida e domperidona. O mecanismo de ação de alguns medicamentos e de plantas com relato de efeito galactagogo ainda são desconhecidos. Antes de indicar galactagogos é necessário avaliar freqüência e técnica da amamentação; uma vez que, a baixa produção do leite pode estar associada com técnica inadequada da amamentação, esvaziamento incompleto das mamas e baixa freqüência das mamadas. Por conseguinte, grande parte dos problemas em aleitamento materno pode ser prevenido e solucionado com conhecidas práticas que mantenham a lactação fisiológica, como amamentação sob livre demanda, pega adequada do complexo aréolo-mamilar e esvaziamento das mamas.


Galactagogues are substances that help the beginning and the maintenance of the adequate output of milk, by, some authors has adopted the term galactogogue. In this revision were selected articles in the electronic databases PubMEd, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO in the last 10 years, in the English and Portuguese languages, utilizing the descritores breastfeeding, lactation, perturbations of the lactation, use of medicines. The medicines galactagogues utilized at present are dopamine antagonists which increase the level of prolactin. The most know medicines are metoclopramide and domperidone. The mechanisms of action of some medicines and of plants with accounts of effect galactagogue are still unknown. Despite of easier and comfortable, the prescription of galactagogues should not be used for replace the correct management of problems related to the breastfeeding. Like this most of the problems in maternal breast-feeding can be prevented and solved with practical acquaintances that maintain the physiological lactation, as breastfeeding under free demand, adequate suckling and emptying of the breast.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Feeding , Lactation/physiology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Domperidone/pharmacology , Oxytocin , Prolactin , Sulpiride/pharmacology
15.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 56(1): 08-15, jan.-fev. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426139

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Embora o ondansetron seja apontado como uma das drogas mais eficientes no controle das náuseas e vômitos pós-operatório (NVPO), seu alto custo o torna inviável para uso rotineiro. Este estudo teve como finalidade verificar entre o droperidol, a metoclopramida e a dexametasona qual se aproxima mais da eficácia do ondansetron na prevenção de NVPO em laparoscopias ginecológicas. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 100 pacientes submetidas à laparoscopia ginecológica sob anestesia geral venosa e inalatória, divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos de acordo com a medicação antiemética recebida. O grupo GO (n = 20) recebeu ondansetron (4 mg); o grupo GM (n = 20): metoclopramida (10 mg); grupo GD (n = 20): droperidol (1,25 mg), o grupo GX (n = 20): dexametasona (8 mg) e o grupo GC - grupo controle (n = 20) não recebeu medicação antiemética. Foram verificadas as incidências de náusea e/ou vômito no pós-operatório, os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, o tempo na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) e o tempo da anestesia. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto aos dados antropométricos, hemodinâmicos, tempo de recuperação e tempo de anestesia. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto à incidência de náusea (GO < GD < GX < GM < GC) e de vômitos (GO < GD < GX < GM < GC). CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo, o ondansetron foi o agente mais eficaz na profilaxia de náusea e vômito e o droperidol foi a droga que mais se aproximou da eficácia do ondansetron na prevenção de NVPO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Droperidol/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Postoperative Care/methods , Laparoscopy/methods
16.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(2): 253-264, abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-409732

ABSTRACT

A funcão do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-tireóide em animais portadores da "síndrome do T3 baixo", foi estudada em ratos implantados com o tumor de Walker-256. Ratos machos adultos foram injetados com 1 x 106 células tumorais viáveis, por via SC, e sacrificados após 10 dias. A intensidade da síndrome guardou relacão positiva com o tamanho do tumor desenvolvido. Houve diminuicão da atividade tireoideana documentada pela diminuicão da área nuclear das células foliculares, das concentracões plasmáticas do T4, da rTg e da captacão do 131I. Mesmo o implante SC de um pellet de TSH de liberacão lenta causou menor estimulacão tireoideana, avaliada após 2 e 24h nos ratos com tumor. A secrecão do rTSH avaliada através da administracão IV de TRH mostrou-se significativamente diminuída nestas condicões, indicando aumento do tônus inibidor hipotalâmico sobre a secrecão deste hormônio. A participacão de outros neuro-mediadores hipotalâmicos foi verificada através da administracão prévia de metoclopramida e/ou fisostigmina, com ou sem estímulo subseqüente pelo TRH. Nos animais tratados com metoclopramida, os valores do rTSH aumentaram significativamente, assim como a resposta ao estímulo de secrecão pelo TRH. A fisostigmina mostrou-se mais eficiente na mediacão da resposta de secrecão do rTSH, bem como na resposta ao estímulo de secrecão pelo TRH. A administracão concomitante dos dois fármacos, seguida do estímulo pelo TRH, normalizou a secrecão do rTSH. Conclui-se que, além das alteracões conhecidas do metabolismo das iodotironinas, a secrecão de TSH encontra-se diminuída nos animais portadores de tumor de Walker-256, sugerindo diminuicão global do tônus tireoideano.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Humans , Male , /metabolism , Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/etiology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Thyrotropin/blood , Dopamine/pharmacology , Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/metabolism , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Physostigmine/pharmacology , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Somatostatin/pharmacology , Thyroid Gland/drug effects , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Thyroid Hormones/metabolism , Thyrotropin
17.
Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College. 2002; 7: 256-62
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-58888

ABSTRACT

Metoclopramide a benzamide acts centrally by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the CTZ and peripherally by enhancing the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic nerve endings in the gut. It increases gastric peristalsis while relaxing the pylorus and first part of the duodenum. It has no action on gastric secretions. It is the prokinetic of choice. The drug is effective in diabetic gastroparesis. Metoclopramide is effective and polar drug for many types of vomiting, postoperative, drug induced, disease associated [especially migraine], radiation sickness, it is less effective in motion sickness. It is also effective in vomiting induced by highly emetic anticancer drugs. Female patients who undergo operative procedures develop nausea which can be controlled by metoclopramide. Postoperative nausea and vomiting can be controlled with the drug. It is also effective in drug induced nausea and vomiting. It is also effective in the treatment of migraine. It has also been advised for hyperemesis gravidarum. Regarding use of metoclopramide during pregnancy to determine its use further studies are required. Its adverse effects include extra pyramidal symptoms. Antimuscarinic drugs; benzteropine given I/v can abolish the reaction. Prolonged use in elderly may produce tardive dyskinesia. Metoclopramide induced pseudotetanus has been reported, methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia have also been reported. It is effective in nausea and vomiting induced in various conditions, like postoperative, gynaecological procedures, cytotoxic drugs. It is also effective in migraine it is a good prokinetic agent


Subject(s)
Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/adverse effects
18.
Annals of King Edward Medical College. 2000; 6 (2): 189-91
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-53271

ABSTRACT

Seventy five patients undergoing elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups of twenty rive patients each to receive placebo [group I], H-2 receptor blocker, ranitidine [group 11] and combination of H-2 receptor blocker and prokinetic drug, metoclopramide [group III]. Gastric fluid volume >25 ml was recorded in sixteen [64%] patients in-group I, in three [12%] patients in-group 11 and in six [24%] patients in-group HL Gastric fluid pH <2.5 was recorded in sixteen [64%] patients in group I, in one [4%] patient in group H and no patient in group HL Group H and HI patients were not statistically significantly different [p-value < 0.05] regarding both the parameters but group I patients were at a high risk [60%] of aspiration pneumonitis when compared to group 11 and HI [p-value > 0.05]


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Stomach/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ranitidine/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Cesarean Section , Elective Surgical Procedures , Drug Therapy, Combination
19.
JSP-Journal of Surgery Pakistan International. 2000; 5 (2): 26-28
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-54351

ABSTRACT

Intestinal hypomotility is a major problem after surgery on gastrointestinal tract and in certain conditions. Prokinetic effect of erythromycin on ILEAL contractility on an isolated strip of rabbit's intestine was compared with that of neostigmine and metoclopramide. Effect of neostigmine is highly significant [P > 0.001] in increasing contractility in intestinal muscle strips Metoclopramide effectively increased contractility [P > 0.1] and erythromycin also significantly [P > 0.05] improved contractility. This study proved that erythromycin is a potent Prokinetic agent, which can be useful in conditions associated with gastrointestinal hypomotility


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Neostigmine/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Rabbits
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